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How Bioremediation Companies Help Restore Contaminated Environments

By Karina Frost


There are a growing number of urgent issues and threats confronting 21st century civilization, but environmental degradation is one of the most serious and urgent. Unregulated industrial processes in past decades left few regions untouched, and some remain unfit for habitation. Corporations that commonly deal with petrochemicals and other industrial toxins are increasingly turning to bioremediation companies for cleanup assistance.

Unless there is a spectacular oil spill in the oceans, the public is rarely aware of these efforts, which are not confined to water. Many land-based industrial companies also rely on these services, including aircraft and marine manufacturing centers, segments of the food industry, and fuel producers. Current pollution regulations combined with the need to protect employees from toxic exposure drives development.

Remediation relies on microorganisms to help break down toxins, transforming them into safer compounds. They literally eat pollutants such as petrochemicals, turning them into naturally occurring chemistry important to life, including carbon dioxide and water. This also occurs in nature without any assist from scientists, but usually takes several decades rather than a few months.

In order to speed that process in groundwater or soil that does not contain enough living microbes to do the job effectively without an assist, the numbers of those creatures can be enhanced by adding them directly to a site. This population explosion can be encouraged by enhancing the conditions that ensure rapid growth, including the temperatures and nutrients that are known to promote bacterial health and reproduction.

The amendments added to land-based pollution sites also encourage the microbes that are already usually present in small quantities. Ranging from molasses and vegetable oil to specific chemicals known to aid oxygen production, they can be effectively placed via well bores rather than surface excavations. While amendments alone do little to remove existing toxins, they provide food and a biological bootstrap to existing bacteria.

If topography or regional climate makes those additions impractical, there are alternate solutions. Soils can be removed, cleaned up, and returned to their original site. In some cases this is accomplished by carefully excavating polluted topsoil, placing it on specially designed platforms or putting it into tanks, and then adding controlled amounts of amendment. Mixing and heating then makes it possible for the microbes to do their job quickly.

Because no two sites are identical, the time-frame for restoration varies depending on the depth of the problem, the amount of contamination, and whether the necessary micro-organisms already exist in sufficient quantities. The addition of useful bacteria poses few problems on its own, because most simply die after their food source is eliminated. Regular testing of the area ensures they are working.

The surrounding communities also benefit greatly from less disruption due to increased heavy truck use, the noise and visual results of above-ground excavations, and the work that must be done to restore the scars in the landscape. In many cases the affected land can be restored to nearly pristine conditions. Using biological processes is less costly, leaves behind no additional pollution, and has a proven track record of success.




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